nnp là gì

By Admin 28/08/2023 0

From Wikipedia, the miễn phí encyclopedia

Net national product (NNP) refers to lớn gross national product (GNP), i.e. the total market value of all final goods and services produced by the factors of production of a country or other polity during a given time period, minus depreciation.[1] Similarly, net domestic product (NDP) corresponds to lớn gross domestic product (GDP) minus depreciation.[2] Depreciation describes the devaluation of fixed capital through wear and tear associated with its use in productive activities.

Bạn đang xem: nnp là gì

Closely related to lớn the concept of GNP is another concept called NNP of a country. NNP is a more accurate measure of total value of goods and services by a country. It is derived from GNP figures. As a rough estimate, GNP is very useful indicator of total production of a country. But if we are interested to lớn have an accurate and true measure of what a country is producing and what is available for uses, then GNP has a serious defect.

Xem thêm: Những cách phối đồ với giày lười nữ cực đẹp, miễn chê

In national accounting, net national product (NNP) and net domestic product (NDP) are given by the two following formulas:

Use in economics[edit]

Although the net national product is a key identity in national accounting, its use in economics research is generally superseded by the use of the gross domestic or national product as a measure of national income, a preference which has been historically a contentious topic (see e.g. Boulding (1948)[3] and Burk (1948)[4]). Nonetheless, the net national product has been the subject of research on its role as a dynamic welfare indicator[5] as well as a means of reconciling forward and backward views on capital wherein NNP(t) corresponds to lớn the interest on accumulated capital.[6] Furthermore, the net national product has featured prominently as a measure in environmental economics such as within models accounting for the depletion of natural and environmental resources[7] or as an indicator of sustainability.[8]

See also[edit]

  • Genuine progress indicator (GPI)
  • Hartwick's rule
  • Net domestic product
  • Value added
  • Value product

References[edit]

  1. ^ Krugman, Phường.R., Obstfeld, M., Melitz, M.J. (2012). International Economics: Theory & Policy (9th ed.). Harlow (UK): Pearson Education Limited, p. 327.
  2. ^ Burda, M., Wyplosz, C. (2013). Macroeconomics: A European Text (6th ed.). Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press, p. 39.
  3. ^ Boulding, K.E. (1948). Professor Tarshis and the State of Economics. The American Economic Review, 38(1), pp. 92-102.
  4. ^ Burk, M. (1948). Mr. Boulding's Criticism of the Net National Product Concept. The American Economic Review, 38(5), pp. 897-898.
  5. ^ Brekke, K.A. (1994). Net National Product as a Welfare Indicator. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 96(2), pp. 241-252.
  6. ^ Hartwick, J.M. (1994). National Wealth and Net National Product. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 96(2), pp. 253-256.
  7. ^ Hartwick, J.M. (1990). Natural resources, national accounting and economic depreciation. Journal of Public Economics, 43(3), pp. 291-304.
  8. ^ Asheim, G.B. (1994). Net National Product as an Indicator of Sustainability. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 96(2), pp. 257-265.